Causes of global warming

While we were hammering the last few years about global warming caused by man and technology, records of cooling are recorded. How about global warming as temperatures, they, cool? In the city of Missoula frigid temperatures have broken records for over 36 years. Massive snowfalls in Austria, and that cooling of some U.S. cities, forcing us to ask us questions about the supposedly warming and its cause.

Officially, the warming is caused by man produces a quantity of carbon dioxide increasing with the years. However, for many, the truth is otherwise. Although it has been proved that the man produced a disturbing amount of CO2 for several years, the arguments that link the production of carbon dioxide to global warming gradually fall into the water. The man certainly produces more CO2, thus, does not prevent temperatures falling! The man is really guilty of global warming? Or is it a natural phenomenon is inevitable?

Climate change may reduce soil surface

The air temperature at ground level and ocean level rise by the sea in the world and retreat of glaciers we now provide sufficiently convincing scientific evidence: the global climate is warming and this warming can be attributed largely to human activities. Although greenhouse gas emissions are essential to sustaining life in the atmosphere, the concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide well above industrial levels. Based on reliable data, as some predict, if current trends persist, the average temperature at the earth’s surface has increased in 2010 from 1.4 to 5.8 ° C compared with 1990 levels, resulting in major economic and ecological imbalances.

Like other developing countries, ACP countries consume some fossil fuels and thus contribute very little to these emissions, but they will have to bear the brunt of the consequences of climate change, because of their inability to respond adequately to changes announced . Most ACP countries are lagging behind other developing regions, and will probably suffer the worst effects. We can improve the situation in ACP countries and management of emissions of greenhouse gases by using the options in more environmentally sound, however, that may prove costly.

Types of crops that can fight climate change

It’s like putting money in the bank for use during days without rain, “said the scientist Matthew Reynolds about the species more resistant wheat that his team collected.

Seed growers say they are the first line of defense protecting farmers from climate change, which should warm the planet from one to three degrees by the next fifty years.

The drought coupled with increased rainfall more intense and unpredictable could affect crops and cause food shortages while increasing food prices.

In Mexico, small farmers are already feeling the effects of unfavorable climate exacerbated by climate change according to scientists. Last year, the country experienced its least significant rainfall in 68 years, while this year, a very active hurricane season sweeps growing areas near the U.S. border.

The corn farmer Cesar Longoria said that the crops of his family had fallen 30% during the drought of 2009, while more than half of its land Reynosa were destroyed by floods last July when Hurricane Alex hit the north of the country.

“For individuals who depend on corn, it is a tragedy,” said Carlos Salazar, director of the National Association of corn farmers. “They have to buy more expensive corn to feed themselves and their animals.”

Explanation of global warming

Global warming, also known as global warming, or global warming is a phenomenon of increasing the average temperature of oceans and the atmosphere at a global level in several years. In its common meaning, the term is applied to a global warming trend observed over the last decades of the twentieth century.

An Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC, is developing a scientific consensus on this issue. His latest and fourth report, which was attended by over 2,500 scientists from 130 countries, says that global warming since 1950 is very likely  of human origin. These conclusions were endorsed by more than 40 scientific societies and academies of science, including all national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.

The projections of climate models presented in the IPCC’s latest report indicates that the surface temperature of the globe is likely to increase from 1.1 to 6.4 ° C of overtime in the twenty-first century. The differences between the projections from the use of models with different sensitivities to the concentrations of greenhouse gases and using different estimates for future emissions. Most studies focus on the period up to 2100. However, global warming will continue beyond that date even if emissions stopped because of the large heat capacity of the oceans and the life of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

This involves a great human and environmental consequences in the medium and long term.

Uncertainties on the rise in average global temperature remain because of the accuracy of models used, and state and individual behaviors present and future. The economic, political, social, environmental, or moral, is major, they give rise to many debates, internationally, and controversies

what’s that global cooling

Global cooling was a Conjecture During the 1970s of imminent cooling of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere along with a posited commencement of glaciation. Had mixed support this hypothesis in the scientific community, but gained temporary popular attention due to a combination of press reports did not accurately That Reflect the scientific understanding of ice age cycles, and a slight Downward trend of temperatures from the 1940s to the early 1970s. In contrast to the global cooling Conjecture, the current scientific opinion on climate change is That the Earth has not durably cooled, but undergone global warming throughout the Twentieth Century.

Orbital forcingn the 1970s there was increasing in awareness That estimates of global temperatures showed cooling since 1945. Of Those scientific papers considering climate trends over the 21st century, only 10% Inclined Towards futures cooling, while most papers Predicted future warming. Had the general public little awareness of carbon dioxide’s effects on climate, but Science News in May 1959 forecasts a 25% Increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the 150 years from 1850 to 2000, with a consequent warming trend. The actual Increase in this period was 29%. Paul R. Ehrlich mentioned climate change from greenhouse gases in 1968. By the time the idea of global cooling reached the public press in the mid-1970s temperatures Had stopped falling, and there was concern in the climatological community about carbon dioxide’s warming effects. In response to Standard and Poor reports, the World Meteorological Organization Issued a warning in June 1976 That a very significant warming of the global climate was probable.

Some Currently there are concerns about the possible cooling effects of a slowdown or shutdown of thermohaline circulation, Which Might Be provoked by an Increase of fresh water mixing into the North Atlantic due to glacial melting. The probability of this occurring is Generally Considered to be very low, and the IPCC notes, “even in models Nowhere the THC weakens, there is still a warming over Europe. For example, in the all AOGCM integrations Nowhere is increasing in the radiative forcing, the sign of the temperature change over the north-west Europe is positive

History of global warming

The first to express an interest in the subject was Svante August Arrhenius, who in 1903 published kosmische Lehrbuch der Physik (Physics of the Cosmos Treaty) which was for the first time the possibility that the burning of fossil fuels increase the temperature Earth’s average. Among other things, estimated it would take 3000 years of burning fuels that would alter the global climate, under the assumption that the oceans would capture all the CO2 (now known that the oceans have absorbed 48% of anthropogenic CO2 since 1800) Arrhenius estimated the increase in global temperature is doubled when the concentration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Eventually Arrhenius calculated this value by 1.6 Celsius without water vapor in the atmosphere and 2.1 ° C with steam present. These results are within the generally accepted parameters in the present. Arrhenius gave a positive assessment to this temperature increase because I imagined that it would increase the arable land and the more northern countries would be more productive.

n the decades following the theories of Arrhenius were little valued, because it was believed that CO2 did not influence the temperature of the planet and the greenhouse effect was attributed solely to water vapor. But 35 years after Arrhenius published his theory, Guy S. Callendar (British engineer specialist steam) issued, beginning in 1938, several trials [23] in which they corrected some estimates made by Arrhenius, and the ability of oceans to absorb CO2 and, after an observable increase of about half degree Fahrenheit (about 0.275 ° C) between 1880 and 1934, Callender found that the average increase in temperature was 0.005 ° C per year during that period (currently estimated in the second half of the twentieth century has been an increase of 0.013 ° C per year (IPCC, 2007, p. 30).). Callender also argued that human activity had increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at about 10% since the beginning of the century. This revived the suggestion of Arrhenius and is known as “Callendar Effect.”

Spread of diseases and Social effects

Global warming may extend the zone of action of viral vectors, leading to the transmission of disease such as dengue infection and malaria. In the least developed countries, this just further enhance the high rates of incidence of these diseases, while in more developed countries where these diseases have been eradicated or controlled through vaccination, or simply with hygiene or with pesticides, the consequences will be felt more on the economy on health. the World Health Organization (WHO-WHO) has warned that global warming could increase the number of diseases caused by parasites, all over Europe, mainly due to an increase in populations of ticks, mosquitoes, flies and parasites bowel. Also other diseases such as malaria may recur in areas that include developed countries such as Europe, as last epidemic took place in the Netherlands in 1950, and the United States, where malaria has been endemic in at least 36 states hasta1940. to be completely eradicated in 1949, with the introduction of DDT. also recently discovered that malaria has begun to occur in the highlands of New Guinea, which due to its extremely cold weather , carrying mosquitoes could not survive until recent years. The WHO estimates 150 000 annual deaths as a result of climate change, of which half will be located in the Asia and Pacific-wide.

Migration:

In the 1990s a number of estimates place the number of environmental refugees at around 25 million. (Environmental refugees are not included in the official definition of refugees, which only includes migrants fleeing persecution.) Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Climate Change (IPCC), which advises governments around the world under the auspices of the United Nations estimates that 150 million refugees will exist in 2050, mainly due to the effects of coastal flooding, coastal erosion and agricultural disruption (150 million means 1.5% of world population Estimated 2050 (about 10 billion)

Direct effects of rising temperatures

The most direct effect of climate change on humans probably will be the impact on these high temperatures were reached. These extreme temperatures lead to an increase in the number of deaths, primarily due to the cardiovascular system of people with heart disease will not be able to withstand the enormous effort that the body should do to stay cool in the warmer periods. Therefore, different doctors have announced  that global warming could mean an increase in the number of heart-related diseases. In addition, these variations in the temperature increases to an increase in respiratory problems in nature, and in episodes of exhaustion and dehydration as fainting. Another important problem that triggered this rise in average global temperature will increase, in the layers of the atmosphere surrounding the earth, particles of ozone, a gas that although their presence in the stratosphere provides enormous benefits, to filter harmful solar rays, at ground level is highly polluting, which represent a major disadvantage, mainly for people with asthma and respiratory problems .

Moreover, this increase in temperature, in turn provoke a decrease in mortality caused by extreme cold that occurs in some regions of the planet in the winter period. Therefore, the number of deaths per year due to climatic factors might not increase. Palutikof “et al”. (1996) has estimated that a 1 ° C increase in global average temperature, would, in the area comprising the UK and Wales, a reduction of 7,000 deaths per year., At the same time, Keatinge “et al . (2000) suggests that any increase in mortality due to the increase in temperature is more than offset by the drastic decrease in the number of deaths caused by cold. However, a government report shows, in the United Kingdom, a decline in mortality due to the warming experienced until this past decade, but predicts an increase in the number of deaths in the future if the warming continues as before.The European heat wave of 2003 caused the death of between 22000-35000 people. . Peter A. Stott, of [Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research]] has estimated a reliability of 90%, the influence on climate, human beings in the past was the cause of this heat wave to reach at least one power twice as destructive as it stood without the influence of human character. It is interesting may be added that in the UK die each year more than 100 people from cold, while they do the double heat

Impact of agriculture on global warming

About a third of global warming and climate change due to agriculture. It is generally recognized that much of the main gas that causes the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide, comes from agriculture, especially deforestation and biomass burning. Domestic ruminants, forest fires, rice cultivation in wetlands and waste products produced most of the methane in the atmosphere, while conventional tillage and fertilizer use generate a high percentage of nitrogen oxides.  Taken together, these agricultural processes comprise 54% of methane emissions, roughly 80% of nitrous oxide emissions, and virtually all carbon dioxide emissions linked to land use. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), agriculture is among the three main causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect observed over the last 250 years.

In Iceland, rising temperatures have made possible a widespread sowing of barley, which was unthinkable 20 years ago. Part of this warming effect is due to a local (possibly temporary) from the Caribbean ocean currents, which also affect many fish stocks.

The average surface temperature of Earth has risen 1 degree F in the last century. In Iceland this rising temperatures have made possible a widespread sowing of barley, which was unthinkable 20 years ago. Part of this warming effect is due to a local (possibly temporary) from the Caribbean ocean currents, which also affect many stocks. While local benefits could be felt in this global warming in some regions (such as Siberia), say the latest evidence that the overall performance of crops and harvests will be affected negatively. “The growth of atmospheric temperatures, severe droughts, both side effects such as high levels of ozone at ground level, will contribute to a substantial reduction in crop yields of food staples in the coming decades that could be insufficient to cope with a growing population stands at around two billion more people by 2025 but a change is made immediately.

Stopping the flow of current Thermohaline

Current is called thermohaline circulation convective mode affects the entire global oceanic water masses. It is very important for their participation in the net flow of heat from the tropics toward the polar regions, without which no one would understand Earth’s climate.

This current can be described as a flow of surface water warming in the Pacific and Indian Oceans to the Atlantic, whose tropical latitudes continues to receive heat, and finally sink into the North Atlantic, returning at deeper levels.

It is speculated that global warming could cause a shutdown or delay in the circulation of these currents, causing less heating or cooling in the North Atlantic. This would particularly affect areas such as Scandinavia and Britain that are warmed by this trend moving towards the North Atlantic.

The opinions on this event in the ocean currents in the short term are unclear, there is some evidence of short-term stability of the Gulf Stream North Atlantic and possible weakening of the current in that area, however, the degree of weakening and whether it will be enough to stop the thermohaline current is under discussion. If power is interrupted thermohaline man is in deep trouble, because 250 million years ago a failure of this stream resulted in the extinction of more than 90% of life.